Tyrone Slothrop |
07-16-2007 12:47 PM |
What's the matter with Georgia?
- A Georgia man is scheduled to be executed by lethal injection on Tuesday for killing a police officer in 1989, even though the case against him has withered in recent years as most of the key witnesses at his trial have recanted and in some cases said they lied under pressure from police.
Prosecutors discount the significance of the recantations and argue that it is too late to present such evidence. But supporters of Troy Davis, 38, and some legal scholars say the case illustrates the dangers wrought by decades of Supreme Court decisions and new laws that have rendered the courts less likely to overturn a death sentence.
Three of four witnesses who testified at trial that Davis shot the officer have signed statements contradicting their identification of the gunman. Two other witnesses -- a fellow inmate and a neighborhood acquaintance who told police that Davis had confessed to the shooting -- have said they made it up.
Other witnesses point the finger not at Davis but at another man. Yet none has testified during his appeals because federal courts barred their testimony.
"It's getting scary," Davis said by phone last week. "They don't want to hear the new facts." . . .
At the heart of Davis's difficulties is a law passed by Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing -- the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996.
The legislation was aimed at bomber Timothy J. McVeigh but has had far broader consequences: It limits the reasons for which federal courts can overturn death penalty convictions. In Davis's case, it has helped block the exploration of witnesses' statements that they had lied at trial. . . .
The Burger King where the shooting happened is next to a Greyhound bus station, on a ragged edge of this city's touristy historic district. As the restaurant was closing at 1 a.m., a fight over a beer was erupting in the parking lot between a homeless man named Larry Young and another man who, some witnesses said, threatened to shoot him.
After the man pistol-whipped Young, a police officer doing an off-duty shift in uniform as a security guard came out. The officer told the man to halt, witnesses said. Before Officer Mark A. MacPhail could unholster his gun, the man shot him once in the chest, then once in the face.
Lacking a gun or other physical evidence, police were forced to rely on witness accounts to determine the shooter.
Davis and a friend were at the Burger King that night; so were several others. After the shots were fired, they scattered.
In the hours after the shooting, several people at the scene told police that it was too dark, or that it happened too quickly, to know who was who.
But the day after the shooting, a person at the parking lot that night, Sylvester "Red" Coles, came to the police with a lawyer. Some witnesses would later say that Coles was the shooter. But in his meeting with police, Coles implicated Davis.
A manhunt for Davis began. He turned himself in to the police four days later.
At the same time, police were working the streets, asking anyone who might have been there, or who knew Davis, to talk.
"The police came over here four or five times," said Jeffrey Sapp, 38, a neighborhood acquaintance of Davis. "They said, 'You know, your friend is on the run, so he must be guilty.' They said, 'If you don't talk, we can take you to jail for withholding evidence.' "
Sapp eventually told them that Davis had bicycled by his house and confessed to shooting MacPhail.
"It was a lie," Sapp said.
Other key witnesses have told a similar story -- that police prodded them to implicate Davis. The affidavit from Darrell Collins, the friend who was with Davis that night, was typical.
"I told them it was Red and not Troy who was messing with that man, but they didn't want to hear that," Collins, who was 16 at the time, said in his 2002 statement. "The detectives told me, 'Fine, have it your way. Kiss your life goodbye because you're going to jail.' After a couple of hours of the detectives yelling at me and threatening me, I finally broke down and told them what they wanted to hear."
Adding to the confusion, the Georgia attorney general's office, which later looked into the case, portrays Coles as threatening to shoot the homeless man; the district attorney who tried the case has repeatedly said that Davis made the threat.
In late August 1991, a jury convicted Davis in the slaying. He was sentenced to death. . . .
"I just think they made a mistake in the investigation," Davis said by phone last week. "I'm just trying to hold up. . . . I'm trying to maintain my faith that God will step in and soften the judge's heart."
WaPo
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